1. Development of the battery industry

The battery manufacturing industry is not only a traditional industry, but also an important part of my country's new energy industry. It is closely related to strategic emerging industries such as new energy vehicles, renewable energy, modern electronic information, new materials, and equipment manufacturing. The battery manufacturing industry is also the most important basic industry in the construction of my country’s national economy. It is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and is related to the foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Battery products are widely used to adapt to the development of the national economy under the new situation in my country, guarantee the needs of national defense strategies, and meet public work It plays a very important role in the diversified needs of life and consumption. Batteries include physical batteries and chemical batteries. A physical battery is a device that uses physical effects to directly convert solar energy, thermal energy or nuclear energy into direct current energy, such as solar cells, thermoelectric generators, nuclear batteries, etc.; chemical batteries are devices that directly convert chemical energy into direct current energy, such as lead-acid batteries , Li-ion batteries, zinc-manganese batteries, etc. Among the batteries, chemical batteries are the most important. Chemical batteries can be divided into primary batteries and secondary batteries according to whether they can be recycled. Among them, the primary battery refers to a battery whose active material can only be used once, and is also called a primary battery, such as a zinc-manganese battery, an alkaline-manganese battery, etc.; a secondary battery can be charged and recycled, and is also called a battery. The battery uses the chemical reaction of the active material in the battery to output current in the discharged state, and performs a reverse chemical reaction in the charged state to store electrical energy.

According to different electrode materials and working principles, batteries are mainly divided into four categories: lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. Among them, lead-acid batteries have the advantages of high cost performance, large capacity, large power, long life, safety and reliability, and are the world's largest production and most widely used batteries; lithium-ion batteries also occupy a certain market due to their high energy density advantages. Share.

2. Overview of lead-acid batteries

The composition and working principle of lead-acid batteries

Lead-acid batteries are composed of positive plates, negative plates, separators, electrolyte, and plastic tanks. The positive active material of lead-acid batteries is lead dioxide (PbO2), and the negative active material is lead (PB). The electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated by a separator. The ions in the electrolyte can pass through the micropores in the diaphragm, and the electrons on the electrode cannot pass through the diaphragm. After the lead-acid battery is discharged, the active material PbO2 of the positive plate is converted into lead sulfate (PbSO4) and attached to the positive plate, and the negative active material Pb is also converted into lead sulfate (PbSO4) and attached to the negative plate. The sulfuric acid in the electrolyte diffuses into the electrode plate, and the concentration of the electrolyte decreases. When a lead-acid battery is charged, the opposite reaction occurs. Through the charge-discharge reaction, the lead-acid battery can be used repeatedly until the stored power cannot meet the electrical requirements, thus ending its service life.